Jailed for Freedom free essay sample

A review of the book Jailed for Freedom: American Women Win the Vote by Doris Stevens and its revised and abridged version, edited by Carol OHare. The paper discusses the book Jailed for Freedom: American Women Win the Vote the electric story of the battle for suffrage, written by Doris Stevens in 1920, a leader of the National Womans Party (NWP) in that era. The paper then reviews a new, abridged version of the book, edited by Carol OHare and shows how this author has changed the book to suit popular audiences more than the academic ones. Originally brought into a memoir as the history of the National Womans Party, the revision of the 1920 edition made its timely appearance in the year celebrating the 75th anniversary of the ratification of the 19th amendment. OHare editions aim to keep the narration lively, and to maintain flow and continuity. We will write a custom essay sample on Jailed for Freedom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet it is an attempt to retain the integrity of the original in tone and content. The introduction is a capsule to the history of the womens suffrage movement and the leaders strategies and personalities. Despite the fact that this edition makes a truly heroic story accessible to a larger audience beyond the college classroom, OHare has edited out the minute detail of legislative politics, author bias, and verbiage, leaving a vivid partisan account that clearly conveys the excitement of both battle and victory.

The Solar System Essays - Planetary Science, Solar System, Planet

The Solar System Essays - Planetary Science, Solar System, Planet The Solar System Assignment 1: The Solar System The solar system consists of the Sun; the nine planets, 67 satellites of the planets and a large number of small bodies (comets and asteroids). The inner solar system contains the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars: The planets of the outer solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto: The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the Sun at one focus, though all except Mercury and Pluto are very nearly circular. The orbits of the planets are all more or less in the same plane (called the ecliptic and defined by the plane of the Earth's orbit). The ecliptic is inclined only 7 degrees from the plane of the Sun's equator. Pluto's orbit deviates the most from the plane of the ecliptic with an inclination of 17 degrees. Below you see a diagram that show some relative information about most of the objects in our Solar System: Diameter (km) Moons Surface temp. Surface gravity Axial inclination Axial rotation The Sun 1 390 000 - 5800c - - 25 - 36 days Mercury 4 878 None 350c / -170c 0.38 0 58 days Venus 12 104 None 480c 0.9 178 243 days The Earth 12 756 1 20c 1 23.4 23h 56m Mars 6 787 None -23c 0.38 24 24h 37m Jupiter N/A 16 -150c 2.64 3.1 9h 50m Saturn 199 300 18 -180c 1.2 26.7 10h 39m Uranus 51 800 15 -210c 1.2 98 17h 10m Neptune 49 500 8 -220c 1.2 29.5 18h 24m Pluto 2 320 1 N/A 0.04 50 178 years The Moon 3 474 - 107c / -153c 0.17 1.5 27 days The Sun The sun is the most important part of our solar system. It is the biggest object and does have about 98% of the whole mass of the solar system. About 1,3 billion earths would fit inside the sun. The sun travels around the galaxy together with planets and other objects bound to it by gravitational forces. The largest of the bodies we call planets, most of which are in turn are orbited by smaller moons or satellites. These objects, together with many lesser masses, are known as the Solar system. The Sun is just a star, one of a hundred billion inhabiting our galaxy alone. Being a star the Sun is an example of the fundamental building blocks of our universe. It formed, 4.5 billion years ago, as the nucleus of a cloud of gas which was collapsing under its own gravitational attraction. At formation, hydrogen was the most abundant gas, as elsewhere in the universe, and accounted for three quarters of the Sun's original material. This will changes as the hydrogen is burned, and within the very central regions virtually all the hydrogen has been converted to helium. The outer regions have not yet taken part in hydrogen burning. Astronomers have measured the chemical composition of the Sun, and can thus estimate that of the initial solar nebula from which the sun and planets formed. In addition to 78 percent by weight of hydrogen, they find 20 percent to be helium, while only 2 percent remains for other elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and iron. Later, as its hydrogen becomes depleted, it will evolve into a giant red star, swelling to engulf the earth and the inner planets. The remnant Sun will fade gradually to oblivion, passing through the white dwarf stage on its way. Mercury Mercury is named after the messenger of the Roman gods. It is the smallest of the inner planets and the second smallest in the whole Solar System. It has a very weak magnetic field and - being the closest planet to the Sun - has only a very thin atmosphere of helium captured from the solar wind. The surface of Mercury is very much like the Moon's - with craters, mountains and valleys. Since there is no form of atmosphere, life on Mercury is impossible. Nor will there be any manned flights in the forseeable future. However, there will be new unmanned probes sent out, if only to complete the map of the surface. Although Mercury has only a third the diameter of Earth, its density is about the same. This suggests that 65 to 70 percent of Mercury's weight is made up of

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology - Essay Example Therefore, we owe it all to those great scientists and inventors, for making our lives easier and interesting! One of the greatest events that occurred in the history of the human civilisation, that w rought up numerous changes, was the Industrial Revolution. It occured in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries. It started in Britain and gradually, spread across the Western World. The utilisation of iron and coal to generate power paved way for the mechanisation of the textile and transport industry. This helped immensely to increase production, leading to prosperity and growth. The second Industrial Revolution was a consequence of the first one, which is often considered as merged with th second. It took place in the year 1850 and brought some sweeping changes, in terms of electricity generation and utilistaion of the same in the varied industries. The effects of the Industrial Revolution were for the world to see, since life became easier and less stressful! This led to a great spurt in conducting research and experiements in technology, as well. However, the wonder machine, the computer was not in sight, then. Even though Charles Babbage, the Father of Computers had come up with a computer machine in the year 1822, it took more than a century for the computer to gain momentum. This essay reflects and imagines how things would have been, had the computer existed during the Industrial Revolution, with silicon chips and microprocessors making their way into mans life right before the Industrial Revolution! Things would have been turly different! Textile mills and industries would be working on production the way they do today---designing patterns and motifs on the computer and

First Amendment Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Amendment Rights - Essay Example The freedom of speech and expression has its downside and its negative effects include: discrimination and hatred caused due to religious freedom of expression, obscenity and biased content presented by media and protest against measures that are healthy for the overall society. One of the main reasons due to which the First Amendment was enacted was to protect the right of all religions to exercise their religion in a free manner. The issue with free exercise of religion is that religious groups preach their followers that their religion is superior to other religions and is the best religion. This has resulted in differences among individuals representing different religions and has led to the growth of biased attitudes of followers of one religion for followers of other religion (Basford, 2003, p.386). Another issue is that, Schools and Universities that are backed by religion such as Catholic schools even have students from different religions and these educational institutes ten d to promote their own religion within the educational institute as a result of freedom to exercise religious activities. This coerces followers of one religion to follow the teachings and practices of other religion. Another issue is that while religious teachers of different religions are preaching their followers, they tend to create hatred among their followers for people of different religions. Another reason due to which the First Amendment was enacted was to protect the media from any policies that could restrict their activities and content they use. Media is considered as an important part of the American society as it educates and provides information about day to day events that are taking place within the American society. But media has surely crossed its lines and has misused the freedom it had. Media used to be highly regulated through rules and regulations, scenes that are obscene in nature and information that is biased in nature was not allowed to be aired on media. Today, media openly provides biased information and acts as trial rooms for several issues and try to become the judge of these issues. There have been several instances where national TV channels such as CNN have aired obscenity. For example: The exposure of Jannet Jacson’s nudity on CNN which is a national TV channel (Anderson, 2004, p.1). Another important part of media is Internet and the access to internet has increased with the passage of time. One of the most troubling realities of Internet is the pornographic material that is promoted through it. Internet is used by people of all ages and the population that has gained majority in using internet is teenagers and children. This population tends to access pornographic material which is hampering their mental development. The First Amendment right of protesting against the government for the protection of individual rights has even caused several issues. The main problem caused by this clause is that the citizens might protest the government against making rules and regulations that are beneficial for the society and the government might be held responsible for conducting discrimination if it makes decision in favor of certain part of population, while the same decision might not be in favor of others. For example: the government is trying to use gun

Rent Controls In The Big Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rent Controls In The Big Apple - Essay Example There are different levels of control, however: pre-1947 buildings, rent stabilization buildings, and unregulated apartments. The one section of society that loses out in this arrangement is the poor. Sixty years after the temporary measure of rent constraints were introduced, the state government will discuss the state of this policy soon; it will likely be continued for the foreseeable future. There was, however, an attempt to rid the market of these price restraints back in 1997. A debate ensued between the Republican-dominated Senate and the Democrat-led assembly. The result of this argument was that a compromise was reached—23,000 renters were freed of rent constraints out of a group as large as one million. The â€Å"lucky† people who qualified for this arrangement had to be extremely wealthy—household incomes of more than $175,000 per year for a period of two years, or those renting apartments that cost more than $2,000 per month. The result of this decisi on was that the poor remained under strict price controls. One thing that was hidden in that agreement was that the next date to re-consider rent constraints would change to a year without elections, thus taking politics out of the decision as much as possible. Since 1997, New York’s politics and markets have changed to the extent that not too many people are likely to oppose rent constraints now. Most economic experts do not support rents constraints because it severely affects the supply and demand markets and results in unwanted side effects. Many landlords and tenants do not have the freedom to work out their own deals; they are locked into whatever agreement is decided by the law. One consequence of the ill-nature between landlords and tenants is that the law makes it virtually impossible for a landlord to evict a criminal. Henry Pollakowski, an economist at the MIT Center for Real Estate, says

Islam in the Ottoman Empire

Islam in the Ottoman Empire THE ISLAMIC CHARACTER OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE â€Å"In what ways was the Ottoman Empire Islamic?† ________________________________________________________________________ Part I: Introduction: This paper seeks to make an analysis of the ways in which the Ottoman Empire was Islamic. It seeks to establish the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Islam, the religion on which it was founded. Part II: Summary: At the core of this narration is the fact that the nature of enforcement of Islamic tenets in the length and breadth of the Empire kept shifting with time. Although Islam and the Ottoman Empire were inseparable, since the very foundation of the Empire was Islamic, the actual manner in which Islam was enforced in the Empire varied in relation to time and geographical space. The pattern in which Islam was enforced altered from that of a brutal version at the beginning of the Empire to one that moderated greatly as the decades and centuries progressed. In other words, the dispensation shifted from Jihad to Dhimma. [1] The nature and reasons for this metamorphosis forms the heart of the paper. Moreover, Islam in its unadulterated form could not be enforced in a monolithic, homogeneous fashion in all the centuries of Ottoman rule, because the territories they governed were vast and disparate. In view of this complex scenario, this paper, due to the severe constraint of space, tak es up only two important aspects of Islam that were more or less a constant in the Empire as it grew –the treatment of non-Muslim subjects, and of women. In these, an overwhelmingly large part is devoted to the former, because administration enjoyed greater primacy, while the latter is referred to in passing. On account of this dearth of space, a unique element of the Ottoman Islamic military, the Janissaries, is left out. Part III: Discussion: The ascendancy to power of the Ottomans took place in the backdrop of the waning of authority of the Seljuk dynasty, the dominant power of Asia Minor until then.[2] In the given situation, since the political situation was very volatile, and opportunity was afforded to building an empire to one who succeeded in this unstable milieu, what was needed was brute force to achieve these ends. The period saw a novelty –the formation of a band of savage and predatory men calling themselves the Ghazis. Fanatically dedicated to Islam, these warriors derived their authority from the Islamic notion of Jihad –Holy War. The earliest Ottomans were typical examples of Ghazis. This concept enabled the Ottomans, who till then had been an insignificant vassal of the Seljuk dynasty, to now establish their authority in the region. This is how the establishment of the Ottoman Empire was based entirely on a primitive interpretation of and resort to militant Islam. (Turnbull, 2003, p. 10) From these beginnings, over the years, the Ottomans displayed towards non-Muslim subjects a sense of tolerance that would put Europe to shame. During the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, when events such as the Inquisitions were becoming milestones in Europe’s history[3], the Jews found refuge in the Ottoman Empire. This was the predominant destination to which the persecuted Jews milled, and were able to practice their way of life without any hindrance. A Hapsburg ambassador in the court of Suleiman the Magnificent had this to say about the Ottoman Sultan’s attitude towards his empire’s non-Muslim subjects: It is by merit that men rise in the service, a system which insures that posts should be assigned to the competent . . . . They do not believe that high qualities are either natural or hereditary . . . , but that they are partly the gift of God, and partly the result of good training, great industry, and . . . zeal . . . . Honors, high posts and judgeships are the rewards of great ability and good service. This is the reason that they are successful in their undertakings. (Levy, 1992, p. 15) Reasons for the change in attitude: Some major reasons can be attributed for this benign treatment of these subjects. As inheritors of the pristine tenets of Islam, these rulers considered Christian and Jewish people their theological predecessors; on account of this, although the Koran was considered the final and purest revelation, the same Koran, the ultimate fountainhead of wisdom to the Muslims, also placed upon Muslim rulers an obligation to protect their non-Muslim subjects, under the covenant of the Dhimma. (Levy, 1992, pp. 15, 16) For this protection, these subjects had to pay a tax, and were required to live under some restrictions, such as acceptance of Muslim superiority, being banned from riding animals that Muslims rode, and being made to wear distinguishing dresses or badges. (Lewis, 1982, p. 5) Other restrictions included being obliged to build houses lower than those of Muslims, being proscribed from residing in the neighbourhood of a mosque, and allocation of the pl ace of dispute resolution between minorities.[4] (Gà ¶Ãƒ §ek , 1996, p. 35) However, essentially, as pointed out by Lewis (1982), during the course of their history, the Ottoman Turks outgrew their initial tendency to maraud and slaughter at will, and were predisposed towards building an empire through a well-knit system of administration that derived from the Koran; over the years, they graduated to retaining their warm relationship with non-Muslims out of practical considerations. (Lewis, 1982, p. 5) For example, in most of the lands the Ottomans ruled, Christians and Jews had lived for centuries. Where conversion of these people, especially the numerically superior Christians was impossible, forcing conversion would almost certainly have invited revolt; because of this, most Ottoman rulers decided that it was wiser to leave these minorities to their own religion. In addition, allowing them to practise their own religion also gave the administration much needed taxes. In this sense, the presence of the minorities was actually an advantage to some Ottoman s ultans. These minority religious groups usually were classified under a system of local administration called the millet. Literally translating to nation, these units were helpful in keeping the Sultan informed about the state of affairs of the minorities. (McCarthy, 1997, pp. 127, 128) As a result, although there were some infrequent tensions in the form of humiliation and derision, by and large, the relationship between the Muslims and non-Muslims in the entire length and breadth of the Ottoman Empire, almost throughout the six centuries of its existence, was characterised mostly by goodwill, making the Empire a medley of various religions and cultures. This contrasted starkly with the ghettos and exile of the Jews in Europe. The occasional strains that arose were more for economic and social reasons rather than purely religious. (Lewis, 1982, pp. 5-7) Women in the Ottoman Empire: When it came to their treatment of women, the Ottomans derived from the various traditions they inherited, and Islam was one of them. While the lineage was patriarchal, their regional and tribal inheritance showed up in various aspects of their relationship with women, as precisely described here: â€Å"the Ottomans did make rational choices and draw upon a number of traditions in establishing the imperial household. The legacy of acquiring women through â€Å"raids† most likely came directly from a central Asian tradition; the employment of polygyny, that is multiple wives, probably derived from Islamic sources; the Ottomans may have learned of concubinage from the Persians; and they may have adapted from the Byzantines the idea of securing alliance and treaty through marriages.† (Goffman, 2002, p. 40) Part IV: Conclusion: Islam was the soul of the Ottoman system of governance; yet, this was by no means a repressive regime. Contrary to the treatment of non-Muslims in most parts of the world that came under Muslim rule[5], the Ottoman Empire, the largest Islamic empire in history, (Karsh, 2003, p. 25) displayed a fair degree of tolerance towards its non- Muslim subjects. Whatever may have motivated this, the fact is that this speaks of the completeness of their evolution from the days of the Ghazi to that of a rule that had a generally salutary effect on the minorities of the empire. Overall, the Ottomans turned out to be a relatively far more tolerant empire than the Christian regimes of Europe of the same period. This perhaps was to lay the foundations of the modern Turkey as we know it today. References Goffman, D., (2002), The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Gà ¶Ãƒ §ek , F. M., (1996), Rise of the Bourgeoisie, Demise of Empire: Ottoman Westernization and Social Change, Oxford University Press, New York. Karsh, E., (2003), Rethinking the Middle East, Frank Cass, London. Levy, A., (1992), The Sephardim in the Ottoman Empire, Darwin Press, Princeton, NJ. Lewis, B., (1982), Introduction, in Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, Braude, B. Lewis, B. (Eds.) (pp. 1-32), Homes Meier Publishers, New York. McCarthy, J., (1997), The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History to 1923, Longman, London. Turnbull, S., (2003), The Ottoman Empire, 1326-1699, Routledge, New York. ZeEvi, D., (1994), â€Å"The Sufi Connection: Jerusalem Notables in the Seventeenth Century† in Papers from CIEPO IX, Jerusalem Papers from CIEPO IX, Jerusalem, Singer, A. Cohen, A. (Eds.) (pp. 126-142), Hebrew University, Jerusalem. 1 [1] This blend of militarism and religious doctrines is best illustrated by Marshal Hodgson, in whose words the basic feature of the Ottoman Empire was that it was â€Å"a military- sharÄ «a alliance† (ZeEvi, 1994, p. 136) [2] Information on the early history and the structure of governance of the Ottoman Empire is neatly summed up in the following link: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/OTTOMAN/ORIGIN.HTM Although this site cannot be treated as a great scholarly work, it is a good account that can be used as a kind of concise guide to this aspect of the power vacuum in the founding of the Empire, and the relationship of the state and its structure with Islam. [3] The following link is an excellent source for a detailed account of the blood-soaked history of the Inquisitions: http://www.sundayschoolcourses.com/inq/inqcont.htm [4] On the subject of jurisdiction of dispute settlement between members of the minority communities, this author offers an interesting recorded instance, in which there is no contradiction about a situation such as this: â€Å"if Zeyd the Jew goes from Istanbul-proper to Galata to conduct business and if Amr the Christian, claiming (Zeyd the Jew) needs to settle a transaction, takes him to the Islamic court of Galata, would Zeyd the Jew have the right to state that he wants the case heard instead by the Islamic court in the neighborhood of Galata-proper.†(Gà ¶Ãƒ §ek, 1996, p.35) [5] An interesting case for the study of treatment of non-Muslim subjects in a state ruled by Muslims is that of India. The Muslims were the dominant ruling class for about 10 centuries, but this reign was far from even. Islamic kings’ treatment of the majority Hindus saw no uniformity, and is a matter of heated and emotive debate to this day in the country.

Belonging is a basic human need and we all need to belong in some way Essay

Belonging is the term used when the individual becomes involved in something; it is a feeling of security where members feel included, accepted, related, fit in, conformed and subscribed, which enhance their well-being with the feeling of home. Various groups such as family, friends and community aspire people to belong as these are seen as the very important groups for people to want to fit in to. People want to be able to feel and be included amongst their friends and be accepted by their group of friends for who they are. They want to be able to feel part of a wider community but most importantly, they want to feel like they belong in a family of people who love them for who they are and accept them. Thus, belonging is a rudimentary human necessity as each person is dependent on others to feel included and accepted in some way. People need to belong because it is a feeling to be needed, to be part of something, to have someone give affection and show that they care; we all need th at. To have the feeling that we †belong† gives us the feeling we aren’t useless and we can make a small difference and we are still good for something and people want us around. We feel that it is important for our self-esteem if we don’t get the feeling we belong from anywhere, therefore the human being is always in need to †belong† and be a part of society and be accepted. Our need to belong is what drives us to look for stable, long lasting relationships with other people. It also motivates us to participate in social activities such as clubs, sports teams, religious groups, and community organizations. By belonging to a group, we feel as if we are a part of something bigger and more important than ourselves. In Carson McCuller’s novella â€Å"The Member of the Wedding†, the protagonist Frankie looks for inclusion when she seeks to belong to the wedding. By discussing her involvement in the wedding in her travels around the town, she tries to build confidence in her self-esteem, knowing that she will now officially be included in a group or an event, which is the wedding; so she thinks. Frankie is now more confident as she feels a sense of belonging. Relevant to Frankie’s need to belong, Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs shows that belongingness is part of one of his major needs that motivates human behavior. Membership o f a group offers people closure and inclusion into a crowd, therefore belonging is essential.

Identify the statutory and voluntary agencies who may work together at the scene of an emergency incident Essay

P3 – place the statutory and voluntary bureaus who may work together at the scene of an exigency incident Statutory and voluntary bureaus:Statutory bureaus are services like the constabulary. fire and ambulance. These will ever fall in an exigency incident. However at some incidents they will be helped by voluntary bureaus like: St John Ambulance – St John Ambulance is a charitable administration staffed by trained voluntaries. The administration responds to 100s of exigency incidents ( including major incidents ) such as inundations. fires. route traffic hits and train clangs. The service supports and aids those in demand. and is an first-class resource in footings of trained staff. medical assistance and exigency vehicles. It can besides supply emptying Centres. The St John ambulance has helped the statutory bureaus during the implosion therapies 2007 in York. â€Å"Throughout June and July 2007 our voluntaries worked indefatigably to assist back up communities hit by heavy inundation Waterss. We have provided a 24-hour support with voluntaries and vehicles in a command to assist people struck by the catastrophe and set up many remainder Centres for those evacuated from their homes† . As you can see St John Ambulance makes a immense difference when they help the other exigency services at a major incident as it says above ‘set up many remainder Centres for those evacuated from their home’ . By them making that they have helped out the constabulary services which saved them plentifulness of clip. British Red Cross – The British Red Cross is a voluntary administration that provides all kinds of things for illustration: First Aid. Emergency Response. Heal and Social Care. happening losing household. fixing for catastrophes and last but non least refugees support. During an incident the administration can supply emotional support. support with the attention of kids and pets use of shower and lavatory installations. proviso of toilet articless. vesture. light refreshments. usage of a telephone and last but non least first assistance. â€Å"As a prima voluntary administration for exigency response. the Red Cross has 1000s of specially trained voluntaries who provide a scope of services to people in exigencies. including practical and emotional support and first assistance services. The Red Cross besides has well-equipped fire and exigency support service ( FESS ) vehicles which play a critical function in back uping local fire and ambulance services. Before the implosion therapy began. we launched a coordinated response to assist vulnerable people across countries threatened by deluging in the UK. Our response included: Emptying. staffing remainder Centres. support to the statutory services. distribution of exigency commissariats. support from across the administration. supplies and information. The British Red Cross have done a immense favor non merely to the populace but to the statutory bureaus by back uping them on first assistance and emptying ECT. In my sentiment without the British Red Cross it would of been 10 times harder to work out the major incident. non merely that hundreds more of casualties would of died if it weren’t for the British Red cross. Mountain deliverance – Mountain deliverance. a voluntary service that is train to deliver people who may hold an accident it the mountain or lake country where there is limited ways to reach anybody for aid. The Mountain Rescue squad has supported the statutory bureaus during the Grayrigg train clang at 2007. â€Å"Mr Farron. MP for South Lakes. said: â€Å"It’s merely suiting that Network Rail’s mulct goes to assist those who were foremost to supply aid on the dark. Sadly it is all excessively true that these fantastic voluntary services do hold to keep out a manus for windfalls and without them they could non survive† . As you can see the mountain deliverance squad was a immense support. It been said above without them they could non last that proves a point that mountain deliverance squad is a difficult working and organized administration. BibliographyBourley. A. ( 2012. May 24 ) . Give MOUNTAIN RESCUE TEAMS GRAYRIGG FINES CASH. SAYS CUMBRIAN MP. Retrieved october 8. 2013. from newsandstar: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. newsandstar. co. uk/news/give-mountain-rescue-teams-grayrigg-fines-cash-says-umbrian-mp-1. 957516? referrerPath= # Dymond. H. ( n. d. ) . Emergency response. Retrieved 10 8. 2013. from sja: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sja. org. uk/sja/what-we-do/emergency-response. aspx Gray. D. ( 2010 ) . oublic services level 3 btec subjects book 2. Society. T. B. ( 2007. august 2 ) . How the UK inundations crisis unfolded. Retrieved january 10. 2013. from redcross: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. redcross. org. uk/What-we-do/Emergency-response/Past-emergency-appeals/National-Floods-Appeal-2007/How-the-crisis-unfolded

James Bond Assignment Essays

James Bond Assignment Essays James Bond Assignment Essay James Bond Assignment Essay In this assignment, I will be examining the standard Bond genre from Golden Eye, the seventeenth bond film. I will also be exploring how the audience and I respond to Bond films and what our expectations of the films are. In the film industry, Genre exists as an obliging system of categorization and allows audiences to sort between films. The industries use the appropriate advertising, marketing and distribution for it to target its audience. Moreover, it allows the audience to filter through films and make a selection on what they want to watch. Genre is a recognizable and established category of written work employing common conventions to prevent readers or audiences from mistaking it for another kind. Narrative is a way of comprehending the story, time, and causality. Since in film there are at least two important frames of reference for understanding the main plot of the story, time, and causality, narrative in film is the principle by which data is converted from the frame of the screen into a diegesis, that frames a particular story, or sequence of action; equally, it is the principle by which data is converted from story onto screen. Contending that fairy tales could be studied and compared by examining their most basic plot components, Vladimir Propp, a Russian Folklorist from the 1920s developed an analysis that reduced fairy tales to a series of actions performed in each story. Propp argued that all fairy tales were constructed of certain plot elements, which he called functions, and that these elements consistently occurred in a uniform sequence. Based on a study of one hundred folk tales, Propp devised a list of thirty-one generic functions, proposing that they encompassed all of the plot components from which fairy tales were constructed. Vladimir Propp composed a fairytale theory that each folk story had similar characters which had the same purpose in the narrative. His theory on the construction of fairytales can be clearly identified in Golden Eye. Propps fairytale convention has been successfully incorporated in the Bond genre and Golden Eye with all the basic characters built-in the film. In Golden Ey e, the hero of the film is James bond, as he is seen to be the character with the great courage and strength, celebrated from his bold exploits. James Bond saved his life for Natalya Simonova, the victim of this James Bond film. A villain is a wicked or evil person; a scoundrel a dramatic or fictional character that is typically at odds with the hero. General Ourumov fits the character of the villain, as he was the one who had access to GoldenEye and plotted the plans. The false hero, Alec Trevelyan (Sean Bean) plays the role of two characters. With his 00 status, the audience are deceived into thinking that he was a good character; however he betrays James Bond and turns into the villainous character. He is in fact a Kosovan spy, which is hinted by his name Janus, the Greek God with two faces. This is also shown in the film where he first appears half his face covered in darkness, and the other half visible in light. In Vladimir Propps fairy tale convention, the false hero is a stock character in fairy tales. The character appears near the end of a story in order to claim to be the hero or heroine and is, therefore, always of the same sex as the hero or heroine. The false hero presents some claim to the position. By testing, it is revealed that the claims are false, and the heros true. The false hero is usually punished, and the true hero put in his place. Moreover, the Bond Girl Natalya Simonova gets together at the end of Golden Eye. There are s tereotypical issues in which the Bond Girls in James Bond are getting more advanced as to before where females were treated differently than today. The clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ of equality between male and female are shown in James Bond films with the stereotypical James Bond women only used for looks and glamour. In Golden Eye, the Bond girls are becoming more advanced with guns and fighting and are becoming more matched to James Bond. A narrative film theory is concerned with how stories get told how they are constructed for and create a viewing subject by camera movement, lighting, editing, and all the available techniques of filmmaking. Vladimir Propp studied the fairytale genre and composed a theory that showed that each folk story had similar characters which had the same purpose in the narrative. This theory, although used by Vladimir in fairytales, can be used in film and has proven to fit the Bond genre well. In fairytales there is always the hero who saves the day, a villain who is up against the hero, the princess who the hero rescues and the false hero who surprises us as we realise he is actually evil towards the end. In comparison, there are other film theories such as the Feminist Film Theory which conveys the idea of a film portraying sex equality, and giving equal roles for the women. The Feminist Film Theory criticism was directed at stereotypes of women, mostly in Hollywood films, and now, after twenty years of the film theory, increasing numbers of films include the sex equality of men and women, with equal roles being played out by both genders. There are differences in Vladimir Propps and Feminist film theories as Propp shows the female roles being played as the princess and being used for charisma and attraction. This is shown in the earlier James Bond films, where the Bond girls were defenceless and were not portrayed equally. In the modern Bond films, they have more power and control, and become a threat to James Bond. Bond could be classified as an action, adventure and a spy genre, however as there are now twenty one films made over forty five years, all of which follow the same conventions; it has its own genre, the Bond Genre. The original novels by Ian Fleming produce the formulaic plots and conventional characters which Bond films still follow today and the audience love this. The general conventions the audience would recognise as being part of a Bond Film are exaggerated cars filled with gadgets, guns, girls, explosives and gadgets which make Bond a superior character, and the audience envy his qualities. Even though the narrative is predictable, the audience knows the general plot as it follows the conventions of a normal standard Bond Genre. Every film starts with the Bond opening sequence followed by the opening the scene. The main plot is introduced and comes to a halt where James Bond defeats the villain. This is the normal format of each James Bond which looks rather dull, however each James Bond film have their new setting which is a location unusual to the audience. For example, the setting of Golden Eye was in a Military Base in Russia. Also, the audience look forward to the new Bond Girl and the new gadgets. A Bond audience would be disappointed if certain conventions were missed out such as the new cars, gadgets and bond girls as it wouldnt make the film stand out and wouldnt be any different to the 21 films made. One of the most distinctive features of the Bond films is the gun barrel sequence which opens each movie. The opening credits and the Gun Barrel sequence is a convention in itself. The gun barrel image sequence typically begins with a white dot scrolling across the screen, left to right, leaving a short trail of dots representing a montage of bullet holes that quickly turn black shortly after they appear. On reaching the right edge of the frame, the dot becomes a gunmans view-to-a-kill, down a gun barrel, its rifling a distinctive spiral. Although suggestive of the point-of-view from a telescopic sight, the gun barrel is actually seen from inside directly observing James Bond walking, right to left, against a white background. Aware of being observed, he quickly turns to his left and shoots the gunman; from above, the scene reddens with the gunmans spilling blood. The gun barrel dissolves to a white dot, roving side to side, most commonly settling in the screens lower-right corner. The circle then expands to fill the screen, exposing the films first scene, which may be an unrelated teaser or may directly bear on the films main plotline.The opening bond sequence conveys the idea of significance as it appears in the initiation of every Bond film, and also portrays the idea that it is a James Bond film from seeing this barrel sequence. Other conceptions can be made of the Gun Barrel sequence; it can be seen as the third persons point of view, and you are the camera following James Bond. The gun barrel sequence has evolved during the fifty years of the James Bond. In the older James Bond films, the sequence was shot through a pinhole camera in an actual rifle barrel until Golden Eye. The recent Bond films are CG-animated ever since emphasizing light and shade variations in the rifling spiral as the reflected light shifts with the guns movement. The gun barrel sequence was revised again for Daniel Craigs first portrayal of Agent 007 in Casino Royale, released late in 2006. Unlike in previous films of the series, the gun barrel sequence does not open the film, but instead is incorporated to the ending of the pre-title sequence: Bonds first kill recovers and seizes his pistol to shoot Bond in the back. As the man brings his pistol up, the frame shifts instantly to the gun barrel. Bond spins around and shoots the man. This sequence is noticeably different from the Pierce Brosnan-era of CGI. The gun barrel has 28 shiny riflings, and the blood trickles down not as a slow-moving cascade, but in faster falling, 3D rivulets. This is also the first gun barrel sequence without some variation of the James Bond Theme and also the only rendition beginning with Bond stationary and his back to the camera. Because of the tiles on the bathroom wall, Bond is not shown against a plain white background. Furthermore, this is also the only instan ce in the series where the audience has seen the person whom Bond shoots. Over half a century of Bond film making, the only momentous difference in James Bond is the actor playing Bond. However, there are distinctive similarities between all the actors playing James Bond. They all are tall, dark and handsome with the Bond girl always new and heart-throbbing to catch the corner of the audiences eyes. However, in Casino Royal, the conventions of the Bond features have changed, as Daniel Craig is the first blonde haired James Bond actor. The opening sequence and first few shots of the scene are important as it sets the scene. Mise-en-scene is used with the bird eye view of the whole setting of the military base in Russia a diverse appearance that would strike the audience as it is a new setting with a dramatic landscape. The plane appears in the frame the camera is shown tracking a plane which suddenly zooms upwards to reveal a vast dam with the tiny plane in the midst of it. We immediately assume the monoplane is on a mission going somewhere as this is what an audience have come to expect of the opening scene of Bond, although it looks insignificant against the immense area. The diegetic sound of the plane is the only noise we can hear which is effective as the tiny engine is set against the immense mountainous setting and it is the natural sound produced at the time of recording. The setting is conventional for a Bond film as most Bond films start with James on a mission, and gets straight to the point, setting s uspense and action at the beginning of the film. The camera then cuts to a low level medium shot of somebodys feet running towards something. Its significant as the shadow covers his face, making us unaware of the figure. The music builds up the tension, as t2he man is panting. Hes running towards something, and has to do it fast! This shot was cleverly included because it involves the audience as it makes them feel as though they are also running behind Bond. Naturalistic sounds are used in this part of the sequence, and only his footsteps are heard. There is a sense of urgency and suspending disbelief is controlled well in this sequence as the audience think the figure is friend or foe. . We then cut to a shot of an electronic metal gate, a barren setting which fits the convention of Bond. We get a full shot, birds eye view where we see the huge dam with a medium shot of Bond doing one of his typical stunts as he has a rope around him. We can hear the diegetic sounds of chains and panting which gives us a sense of urgency, until the non-diegetic sound kicks in with the mechanical drum bass and the action and drama speed up. The camera then comes up behind Bond with a birds eye view of him standing at the edge of the dam; and as an audience we know he is going to do a skilful jump and we are not worried by this as we know hes an expert and is in control. There is non-diegetic sound used in this clip as it gives a sense of realism. The scene is concentrating more on the sight rather than the sound. The sound effects used in this clip show no music apart from the air sound. This makes the audience focus on the scene, and also adds a feeling of tense into the scene. This part of the scene shows secrecy, and reveals no emotions. There is then a close up of the gadget again as he breaks into the weapons factory. Up till now, there has been no dialogue, only action shots and sound effects. The audience get a sense of what is going on; however the opening only slightly hints out the plot, but doesnt reveal everything. Its a moving movie, and doesnt allow much time for the audience to think about what is going o n. The camera zooms in a birds eye view looking at a man on the toilet with a shadowy silhouette of Bond apparent. There is a close up of the newspaper indicating that it is set in another country as the language is different. We then have the first piece of dialogue, as up until now the narrative was told through the action, a quirky gag from Bond; Beg your pardon, forgot to knock! The toilet humour also symbolises a very British thing to do. From this first piece of dialogue we see an ingredient of Bond, his dry humour, the same as the way he takes his trademark drink, dry martini, shaken not stirred Bond is alone, and the suspense is growing more and more, as Bond moves into a space of darkness. The James Bond theme music then blasts out, loud, dramatic and quick, to signify the beginning of Bonds quest to restore world peace. We then see the classic image of Bond with his gun resting on his cheek. This classic pose was selected by the director to appear in each film and advertisements for the movies because it indicates Bonds control and confidence as he has a relationship with his weapon and protocol in firing. Bond is then in the shadows again although he can see what is going on outside. This shot is used to leave the audience in suspense as the lighting doesnt make the shot as clear so they have to make assumptions as to what is going on and use their other senses. This is effective, as it shows that it is re-building the tension. 006 appears in the screen, with the first impressions of him being someone bad. The idea of Janus (Roman God) is created with half of his face in darkness, and the other in light which represents safety. This also suggests the idea of the false hero within Propps fairytale film theory convention. Again quirky British humour is used and the politeness England is renowned for is shown once again; After you OO6. Bond then reinstates his dedication for his country; For England as he embarks on his mission. The first few sequences in the opening scene are important as it reveals the whole scenario and the setting of the whole film. Golden Eye is a film set in a Russian Military base which would seem impossible to break through, however James Bond encounters this, and does the impossible. The audience thinks that there would be a catastrophic explosion, blowing up the base, completing the mission with a lucky escape. This is a Bond convention which is used in each Bond film, to show the skilled agent in a desolated location, and completes the mission. Casino Royal, the latest James Bond film has a surprise for the Bond fans, as the Bond conventions are torn away. The film tone was changed for the first time in 21 Bond films in order to get Bond back closer to the original character. Casino Royal was Ian Flemings first Bond book, and James was still a human character with receiving a 00 status in his first assignment. He had that licence to kill, however he also had the licence to love. The twist of the Bond girl was how much equality they had in comparison to Golden eye. They were valued more in Casino Royal. Also, being as human as James Bond, he showed emotion, which was a change to the original James Bond convention. He showed anger whilst loosing in the poker tournament Dont give a dam! when the waiter asked him how he would like his Martini. Hed normally be expected to say Vodka Martini, shaken not stirred as this is James Bonds catchphrase, and a convention the audience would recognise as being part of a James Bond film. In conclusion, the Bond genre has to adopt some conventions to suit a 21st Century audience. Some conventions such as the Bond girls still excites the male audience, however they will have to add more innuendo to make the connection between Bond and the girl, and to make it more humorous. Also, they will have to make the concept cars more unique and different to the original cars found in the 21st century roads. The features of the concept car must amaze the audience such as having the speed of lightning or invisible car that the audience has never seen before, as this is one of the main conventions of a Bond film. Also the gadgets are a key convention, and have to be up to date with the modern society. Although the audience know the outcome of a Bond film, it still excites the audience today; the audience would want to know Bonds latest mission, cars and the new Bond girl. The conventional plot remains unchanged however the detail is revised, making it a superb film. Knowing the gen eral Bond conventions of the films, and knowing Vladimir Propps fairytale theory, it makes the audience safe knowing that good will always triumphant over evil and that Bond will always win against the enemy.

Effect of Customer Participation on Customer Satisfaction

Effect of Customer Participation on Customer Satisfaction Summary In their article titled â€Å"The Interplay between Customer Participation and Difficulty of Design Examples in the Online Designing Process and Its Effect on Customer Satisfaction: Mediational Analyses†, Chang, Chen and Huang (2009) address the effect of involving customers in design process on customer satisfaction.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effect of Customer Participation on Customer Satisfaction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors note that there has been a trend towards customized products. They argue that today customers want to be involved in design of their products so that they can include specific features that they desire. Some key companies such as Dell and Adidas invite customer to participate in design of their product by prescribing specific features that they wish to be included (Chang, Chen and Huang 147). According to the author, involving customers in design process can not only increase their satisfaction but also motivate them to pay more for a product. In addition to satisfaction, the authors suggest that involving customers in designing a product increases their selfs in the Online Designing Process and Its Effect on Customer Satisfaction: Mediational Analyses. CyberPsychological Behavior 12.2 (2009): 147-154

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example As the financial statements are the representation of management, it becomes very important to maintain the reliability and authenticity of these statements in order to avoid fraudulent activities in their preparation. The auditors have the responsibility of expressing their views related to the maintenance of fairness by the management. They are authorized with the responsibility of assessing the financial statements for testing the fairness and transparency of the information available in those statements. They collect evidences for assuring the fact that figures which are mentioned in the information does not involve material misstatement. The credibility of the financial statements is increased through the audit process conducted by the auditors. The report provided by the auditors has high influence on the decision making of bankers, creditors, investors or other stakeholders. Issues affecting the credibility of auditors and increasing the need of their rotation The present econ omy is struggling to recover from the turbulent period that is filled with various corporate scandals and also lacks investor confidence. Nowadays, greater emphasis is laid on the improvement of transparency, credibility, accountability and trust related to the information available in the financial statements. ... The major question which arises is that whether these types of activities affect the real performance of the auditors. In reality, it actually affects the auditor’s performances and reduces the accuracy or authenticity of the information available in their reports (Cooper and Neu, 2006). The auditors change the figures in the financial statements for earning high incentives. This has turned out to be one of the most highlighted issues that require immediate attention. Real evidences of material misstatements increasing the need of rotation of the auditors 1. In 2003, HealthSouth Corporation was accused by SEC for violating the civil law (Turner and The Staff of Vault, 2005). According to SEC, the chairman of the company Mr. Richard M. Scrushy has inflated the actual earnings of the company by an amount of $1.4 billion by 1999. SEC states that this fraudulent activity has been done in order to satisfy Wall Street’s demands and expectations. HealthSouth Corporation has ma nipulated the actual figures in the financial statement for satisfying its stakeholders by hiding the real performance. Scrushy along with Don Siegleman (the previous Alabama Governor) have been accused for a series of activities, such as racketeering, bribery, laundering and various other illegal activities. There were other executives involved in the criminal activity of displaying fake company earnings in the financial statement in order to increase its reputation. SEC has reported after detailed analysis that the real earnings of HealthSouth Corporation fell short of Wall Street analyst’s expectations. Thus, the ultimate solution found by Scrushy and his team was fixing the difference amount by overstating the profit figure. Frieswick (2003) argued that there were

Strategic Accounting for Decision Making Case Study

Strategic Accounting for Decision Making - Case Study Example Furthermore, the decision by the Sentinel institute to explore the opportunities in small towns and sub-urban areas demoralized the spirit of the Fitness Forever. The Sentinel intended to launch its activities in Fitness Forever region in an aggressive manner, and further intended to ensure that the expansion phase is implemented soon after the official opening of their first branch in the region. Sentinel has relative stable edge over Fitness Forever, the former is renowned 'for its strong sales culture', which has motivated the consumers towards the Sentinel. The Sentinel on its behalf has been successful in the exploration and the efficient utilization of the available opportunities. The management of the Fitness Forever organization was of the opinion that 'the Fitness Forever's traditions of personal service could ride out any waves made by Sentinel', the element of over-confidence led to the least preparation on the behalf of the Fitness Forever organization which brought unexp ected and catastrophic revealing for the institution. It was observed, and complained that the staff of the organization were neither helpful nor polite towards their customers, and were strange and least informed about the products and services launched and offered by the institution for the purpose of value addition. It was further observed that Sentinel was fully prepared and planned to 'flex its considerable muscle in Waterston'. In this regard, the institution announced its plan to inaugurate more than two branches in the Fitness Forever area, at parallel; the institution took 'very aggressive moves in pricing its checking and savings accounts'. The Fitness Forever was not prepared to tackle the result oriented techniques and methodologies of the Sentinel, and popular and prominent aspect of the Sentinel's sales culture was ignored and avoided. The ordeal placed the Fitness Forever in challenging position, and level of anxiety among the management of the Fitness Forever institu te was visible gradually. The Fitness Forever was vulnerable towards two different threats i.e. Sentinel emergence in the region, and the leadership complacency issue, relevant to the management of the Fitness Forever. The employees of the Fitness Forever have expressed their ignorance towards the techniques commonly adopted in the practices, and have further expressed their inability to sale the products in the market. The employees have expressed their reluctant towards the learning of the sales practices, and belief that their profession doesn't require them to be 'pushy salesman', the concept of sales is void and misinterpreted. It has been learnt that the branch officers have complained about the lack of coordination and cooperation from the operations group. The lack of friendliness and teamwork has demoralized the employees, and operation group has been criticized for its 'rigid adherence to obscure procedures, and lack of sensitivity towards the needs and requirements of the branch officers and local employees' (David, 2006). The branch managers revealed that the sales efforts have been hampered by the requirement of the documentation in an excessive manner. The behavior and the conduct of the employees have been criticized by the customers, 'tellers are fine but the higher you go, the worse the service'. The customers